How to monitor and adjust during CNC machining process?
After the workpiece is aligned and the program debugging is completed, it can enter the automatic processing stage. In the automatic machining process, the operator should monitor the cutting process to prevent abnormal cutting from causing workpiece quality problems and other accidents.
Monitoring the cutting process mainly considers the following aspects:
1. The main consideration for rough machining during machining process monitoring is the rapid removal of excess allowance on the surface of the workpiece. In the automatic machining process of the machine tool, the tool automatically cuts according to the predetermined cutting trajectory based on the set cutting amount. At this point, the operator should pay attention to observing the changes in cutting load during the automatic machining process through the cutting load table, adjust the cutting amount based on the bearing capacity of the tool, and maximize the efficiency of the machine tool.
2. Monitoring of cutting sound during the cutting process. In the automatic cutting process, the sound of the tool cutting the workpiece is generally stable, continuous, and light at the beginning of the cutting process. At this time, the movement of the machine tool is stable. With the progress of the cutting process, when there are hard spots on the workpiece, tool wear or tool clamping and other reasons, the cutting process is unstable. The unstable performance is that the cutting sound changes, the tool and workpiece will collide with each other, and the machine tool will vibrate. At this point, the cutting amount and cutting conditions should be adjusted in a timely manner. When the adjustment effect is not obvious, the machine tool should be paused to check the condition of the cutting tools and workpiece.
3. The monitoring of precision machining process mainly ensures the machining size and surface quality of the workpiece, with high cutting speed and large feed rate. At this point, attention should be paid to the impact of chip accumulation on the machining surface. For cavity machining, attention should also be paid to cutting and cutting at the corners. To solve the above problems, firstly, it is necessary to pay attention to adjusting the spray position of the cutting fluid to keep the machining surface in cooling conditions at all times; Secondly, attention should be paid to observing the quality of the machined surface of the workpiece, and by adjusting the cutting amount, changes in quality should be avoided as much as possible. If the adjustment still has no obvious effect, the machine should be shut down to check whether the original program is reasonable. Special attention should be paid to the position of the tool when pausing or stopping the inspection. If the tool stops during the cutting process and the spindle suddenly stops rotating, it will cause tool marks on the surface of the workpiece. Generally, when the tool leaves the cutting state, consideration should be given to stopping the machine.
4. The quality of the tool monitoring tool largely determines the processing quality of the workpiece. In the automatic machining and cutting process, it is necessary to determine the normal wear and abnormal damage status of the tool through methods such as sound monitoring, cutting time control, pause inspection during the cutting process, and workpiece surface analysis. According to processing requirements, timely processing of cutting tools is necessary to prevent processing quality issues caused by the failure of cutting tools to be processed in a timely manner.
